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Letters Exchanged Between José Rizal and Other Reformers - 1890 (January to June)
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Letters Exchanged Between José Rizal and Other Reformers - 1890 (January to June)
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181. Guillermo Puatu, Madrid, 2 January 1890
Rizal’s membership fee in Associacíon Hispano-Filipina – End-of-the-year dinner with allusions to Rizal and Juan Luna as glories of the Philippines.
13 principal, Carrera de San Gerónimo, Madrid 2 January 1890
Mr. José Rizal London [01]
My esteemed Sir, I received your letter of 26 December with a bill for 25 pesetas enclosed as your membership fee in the Associación Hispano-Filipina. You will know that its new treasurer is Antonio Luna so that as soon as I received your 5 duros I delivered them to him, which I suppose he will tell you when he writes you. I believe its inauguration will be before the Three Kings. [02] It would be a great pity if you would not be here at lest on that day. I am very glad to know that the postal card I sent you reached your hands and at the outset I am exceedingly grateful to you for having accepted my sincere friendship. On the night before last (the last day of the past year), the colony held the customary dinner. Fraternity and enthusiasm prevailed at it, although it was more modest than in former years. In the toasts they alluded to you and Luna as glories of the Philippines, which were received with a salvo of thundering applause. I also wish you a Merry Christmas and renew my offers to you as a compatriot and servant who kisses your hand.
Guillermo Puatu y Constantino _______________ [01] At this time Rizal was actually in Paris. [02] The celebration of the visit of the Magi on the 6th of January.
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182. Rizal, Paris, 3 January 1890 || To Mariano Ponce
Rizal encourages Ponce to write – Forward and fear nothing; you have a good style.
45 Rue de Maubeuge, Paris 3 January 1890
[Mr. Mariano Ponce]
My favorite Friend, I received your letter and I immediately sent the nine copies of the Morga to Canon just in case you should leave before their arrival. But, if you are still there when they arrive, ask Canon for them; he will give them to you. I am going to London and then I am coming back here to go to Germany or Denmark. This is all. I will help you with everything you need for your book, especially in the field of history. Forward! Have no fear for you have a good style and write well. This is all. Greet everyone for me. I wish to you a happy new year!
Rizal
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183. Guillermo Puatu, Madrid, 12 January 1890
Affectionately yours,
P.S.
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184. Fernando Acevedo, Zaragoza, Spain, 25 January 1890
Rizal is surrounded by enthusiastic reformers: Luna and Ventura – Acevedo is an infantry lieutenant – In good standing in Zaragoza’s high society – He owns a printing press -- Sends Rizal a book from his press – He is appointed counsel for a Colonel to be tried by a military council composed of Brigadier Generals – There are no Filipinos in Zaragoza – A Filipino defends a Spaniard before the Council of War.
Zaragoza, 25 January 1890
Dear Friend Pepe, I received your affectionate letter as well as your card, which I infinitely appreciate. I have been sick of the influenza or dengue [01] and thank God that I have recovered. I am glad that our good, enthusiastic and dear friends and country, Luna [02] and Valentin. [03] surround you. Give them, I beg you, a fraternal embrace for me. I do not know of the existence of the periodical that you mentioned to me. I will do what you advise. Tell me, therefore, to whom I should send my subscription. In this capital city not a countryman of ours lives, so that I find myself isolated like an oasis in the desert. I appreciate your offer concerning your books for sale and I have no inconvenience in accepting your proposition with gladness. As you suggested to me that I send you either a book that is already published or which may be published in Spain, through this mail I shall send you one from my library which may serve your purpose. If you wish, I will send you whatever books are printed in my press, and, to being with, I enclose the latest publication that was published this month. In regards to my family I can only tell you that my brother Pedro has now finished the pharmacy training and he writes me that he has enrolled in a course in first year medicine. My father is the chief of streetcars in Manila, which is a work that keeps him very busy. I am a Lieutenant of the infantry. Do not make a mistake of addressing me as Captain. I am very well treated by the high society of this capital city with which I mix with honor and, owing to my good deportment, I have some influence in it. However, I am now much harassed because I have been appointed a defender of an accused army Colonel. It is the first time in my military life that I am honored with such a difficult as well as a delicate task, but I trust in my preparations in order to shine and establish my Filipino name. The defense is very difficult but there is a place for an eloquent and lucid legal argument. My role is singular, being a Filipino son of the Mother Country [i.e. Spain], completely foreign to the legal profession, coming out to defend a Peninsular Spaniard. The Council is composed of Generals, so that the members shall be Brigadier Generals presided over by the Captain General. Imagine, dear Pepe, that I will arrive at the court extremely excited. Goodbye, Pepe. May you continue writing. Don’t forget me. May you be happy. Receive an embrace as the kiss of peace of your good friend and countryman who sincerely loves you.
Fernando (Acevedo)
_______________ [01] Dengue is an infectious tropical disease transmitted by mosquitoes and characterized by severe pains in the joints and back, fever, and rash. [02] Juan Luna is a celebrated Filipino painter and reformer from Pampanga. [03] Valentin Ventura is a wealthy Filipino reformer from Pampanga.
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185. Manuel Arias y Rodríguez, Manila, 31 January 1890
Directions for sending books to Manila – He is indignant at the deportation of Rizal’s brother-in-law Manuel T. Hidalgo – Obstructions to Becerra’s educational reforms – These are Peninsular Spaniards in favor of Philippine progress – He signs the post script with his Masonic name and rank.
Manila, 31 January 1890
Mr. José Rizal 45 Rue de Maubeuge, Paris
My dear Sir of my highest consideration, I received your letter of 14 December of the last year to which I now have the greatest pleasure to reply. At the outset, if you approve of it, I shall take care of the sale on commission of Ilustre español que fue Teniente de Gobernador en Filipinas. [01] It is necessary that the copies in packages be sent from Barcelona or any other port of Spain to avoid the inspection of books in Spanish that come from abroad. They should be sent well packed by registered mail. I do not, by any means, resent the omission of my name on the envelope. If I were in your place I would have done the same thing if I did not remember the name. Besides, such an omission does not constitute an offense. I have the greatest pleasure to remain your most affectionate and grateful servant who kisses your hand.
Manuel Arias y Rodríguez ________
This is personal and confidential with regard to my name. I am sorry to communicate to you another outrage. Through the instigation of persons you can imagine, the beloved and honorable citizen of Calamba, Mr. Manuel Hidalgo, has been banished to Bohol. The Governor of Laguna province gave excellent information on Mr. Hidalgo, but all of it was useless. Congratulate the author of the little volume number 2 of the Bibliotheca La Solidaridad. He had the most felicitous idea of the choice of subject, developing it in such a way that does not admit any refutation. The said booklet is little known here and it would be desirable that it be circulated. Conservatives are working through all possible means so that Becerra’s [02] educational reforms are not carried out. We are most indignant at this and at the thousands of scandals and vexations that we also witness. In my opinion, they are being provoked so that if the social order is disturbed, it can be shown to the government that the evil proceeds from the microscopic freedom that it has granted. Public hygiene, and with it, prostitution, has been regulated although poorly. Even this has been opposed by certain elements who do not wish their fellowmen well and to be completely ignorant. So that you may see that there are Peninsular Spaniards who desire the greatest prosperity and the largest amount of education for the Filipinos . . . and all the benefits enjoyed by those who reside in the metropolis, I suggest that you read Crónicas de Filipinas which the Madrid daily El Día published beginning in No. . . . . . for 24 November of last in its afternoon edition. Ever your sincere, grateful friend, and good brother. Ronces Valles 3o _______________ [01] This refers to Dr. Antonio de Morga who served as Lieutenant Governor of the Philippines from 1594 to 1596. Rizal republished his Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, with his own annotations. [02] Manuel Becerra was then the minister of the colonies. He proscribed the compulsory teaching of the Spanish language in the Philippines. The Associación Hispano-Filipina of Madrid gave him a banquet in gratitude to his decree.
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186. Pedro de Govantes, Madrid, 2 February 1890
Returning to Manila he cannot take charge of the case of Rizal’s brother-in-law, Manuel T. Hidalgo – Rizal’s petition to the minister of the colonies for an investigation is heeded.
Madrid, 2 February 1890
Mr. José Rizal
My dear friend, I have to leave for Manila within four days. It will be impossible for me to take charge of your brother-in-law’s case. However, I learned that, at your request, the minister has decreed that the Governor General render a report. However, it is not certain that the report has been received. I have communicated this to del Pilar so that, with the assistance of Quiroga, [01] he may take the same steps that I took in the case of Fabie. Until I return, keep yourself well, regards to our compatriots, and I am your affectionate friend who kisses your hand,
Pedro de Govantes _______________ [01] Benigno Quiroga Ballesteros, then Director General of Civil Administration, was friendly with the Filipinos.
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187. Valentin Ventura, Paris, 5 February 1890
He explains the disappointment of the Pardo de Tavera family at Rizal’s departure – Would like him to stay for a birthday dinner – Would Rizal want issues of La Solidaridad and El Día sent to him?
Paris, 4 February 1890
Mr. José Rizal
My dear Friend, I have your post card of 30 January and your letter of the 1st instant before me. I am glad that you have arrived there safely and that your first impression of that city has been favorable. I was afraid that, after having lived eight months in Parish and with our great manliness, you would be bored there. But I see that you really have the qualities of a traveler, on which I congratulate you. These qualities are useful so that you would not be married or be chased, [01] which is the same thing. I already told you not to worry about the seriousness or the peevishness of the Pardo family. The lady of the house did not “gossip,” so far as we know. They simply wished that you could have stayed until after Wednesday so as to eat with them that day for it was Eloisa’s birthday. For this reason Eloisa is so resentful. Truly the commitment is strong, worse than . . . . . On Wednesday morning I received a letter from Doña Tula inviting me to dinner. I went and, at the dinner, I was told that it was Eloisa’s birthday. I was surprised, myself, for I knew nothing about it. Doña Tula and Eloisa were very resentful of you for not having stayed, but I told them that you did not know about it, because if you had known, you would most certainly have stayed. So that, as far as this side is concerned, there has been nothing of “having left on time,” as you said. After what I am telling you, you will understand that the “anger” was rather a polite attention. At last I have collected the postal money order this morning. Tell me how you want me to send it to you. It seems to me that the simplest way is to send you a one hundred francs bill in a registered letter. They have come to get your trunks. Only on the day following your departure did they come to ask for your address and as at that time [. . . . .] I understand that your packages have been sent to the railroad station of that city, so that it may not be superfluous for you to go to the station to inquire. Ma. . . . will write you about the matter. I have received copies of La Solidaridad as well as of El Día. Tell me if you want me to send them there. Enclosed are three letters for you. Finally, today I signed the lease of the new house for two years – Rue Chateauden 4 bis. I continue with my manly activities. At this moment they are knocking at the door. Regards to Alberto and may you receive a close embrace of your true friend.
V. Ventura _______________ [01] There is a play on words in the original Spanish: “. . . para que no sa case V. o que la cazen que es lo mismo.” The word case is from the verb casar (to marry) and cazen from the verb cazar (to hunt, to chase).
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188. Juan Luna, Paris, 9 February 1890
The Filipino colony in Paris – Luna inquires about the second part of the Noli – Luna’s new painting – Cover page of La Ilustración showing a Filipina drawn by Luna.
Paris, 9 February 1890
Dear Rizal, Through your letter I know that you live almost in a garden and you are pleased with the life there and the cheapness and spaciousness of your rooms. The colony is well. You know of what it is composed and its quality. I have nothing to add, as you already know perfectly well who they are. I have begun a large painting whose modern and simple subject you already know. It is a Paris street where there is an orphanage. I have very little time to do it, and so I work steadily. And you, what are you doing? Have you begun the second part of the Noli? I have just finished the title page of La Ilustración Filipina [01] – it represents a young seated woman, beside her is a basket of books and in the second row are some little girls reading. In the background is the Mayon Volcano. I send my regards to Albert, in case he has not yet left for Berlin. Receive the kisses of my children, regards to Paz and
Your most affectionate friend, Luna _______________ [01] An illustrated magazine that is published in Manila.
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189. Marcelo H. del Pilar, 10 February 1890
Rizal’s petition submitted to Minister Capdepon – Pedro Serrano Laktaw in disgrace – Rizal should send copies of his books to José Ma. Basa in Hong Kong, who can forward them to Manila. – Contribution of 70 pesetas to the International Association of the Philippines.
10 February 1890
[Mr. José Rizal]
My favorite Friend, I received from Aristón the 40 pesetas that you sent on behalf of Pardo and others. My brother-in-law has asked me to contribute 70 pesetas to the International Association of Philippinists of Paris. To whom shall I send them? Tell me also to whom to send the money here for the purchase of, or for ordering to be made, a gift for Blumentritt. I have already told you that Govantes returned to me Maneng’s power of attorney. Whom do you want to take charge of this case? Your petition to Minister Capdepon resulted in a decree asking the Governor General to render a report, but this report cannot be found. It seems that the Governor General did not make the report. According to the last letters to me from Manila, P. Doré has been removed and the father of Angel is in his place. His name is M. Montilla. His secretary, to whom letters must be addressed, is Mr. Cándido Conrado, 8 right entresol, Sagunto Street, Tondo. If you want to send many books, send them to our friend Pepe Basa and ask him to send them to Montilla, in accordance with their suggestion. For several months now I have been trying to prevent the removal of P. Doré [01] but I failed. My supposition is that there is a misunderstanding or else his enemies have influenced those who are against his administration. When Sandico arrived here, he was against him also, according to the news. I did not mind it. What I do not understand is how it came to end that way. While I am writing this, I received some disturbing confidential news. Your first or second draft for five hundred pesos has not net been received. There are allegations that two young men of the [Filipino] colony have tampered with it. If this is true, it will certainly send them to jail. I have written Aguilera right now so that the draft may be kept in safety immediately. I do not know what is going to happen. I cannot go out because I have a cold and I am coughing. You ought to ask immediately for his draft. I received your article and it is quite good. Blumentritt is also going to reply. Aristón showed me your letter indicating that you will stay in Brussels. With regard to this matter, I remember that you said to me at Paris there was a reason for your departure from London. I say to myself there may be again a reason for your leaving Paris! [02] This is all. Receive the embrace of your friend.
M. H. del Pilar _______________ [01] It refers to the dismissal of Pedro Serrano Laktaw from his teaching post in Manila. [02] M. H. del Pilar suspects that Rizal is fleeing from some woman to avoid entanglements.
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190. Marcelo H. del Pilar, Madrid, 12 February 1890
Blumentritt is furious at Barrantes – Will write a series of articles – The friars want to conclude a peace pact with Filipino young men – A program for mutual rapprochement – What Rizal’s and del Pillar’s attitude would be.
43 principal left, Atocha Street, Madrid 12 February 1890
[Mr. José Rizal]
My favorite Friend, How many times I have wished to send you the enclosed translation, but I always forget. Its translation has been done stealthily, so that, in case it is to be used, be careful that the translator is not revealed. Our Austrian friend [Blumentritt] is quite furious. He says he is going to answer Desbarrantes [01] in a series of articles whose titles are the following: 1. “German Bismarck”; 2. “Malayism”; 3. “Friars and Jesuits”; 4. “Barrantes’ Confessions”; 5. “An Idea on the Separation of the Colonies”. My news from our country [i.e. the Philippines] is good. They say that the friars are quite disturbed because of the promulgation of the decree on fixed salaries. Oh, I have forgotten. When Antonio Regidor was here, we met, but as we could not linger, he told me, with a wink, that we have many things to talk about and to go to his brother’s house or else he would come to mine. He left without our meeting each other again. When I went to Govantes on account of your letter, he told me that there is a high political personage who said to him that the friars, it seems, would like to enter into an understanding with Filipino young men and he said that we may take it into consideration. We separated without concluding our conversation. However, that very afternoon, I met Ricardo Regidor at the café. Suizo told me the same thing; his brother, Antonio, suggests that we accept it because it is difficult to go against the powerful. He also said that he is delegated by Font and Naozaleda to come to an agreement with us on their behalf. Here is the proposed program: They are going to lead the movement to grant the Philippines a colonial council that the government will be compelled to consult with respect to any legislation it would like to enforce. The Filipinos will have a say on the budget, and this is my own proposal, which, according to him, the friars would accept. The Governor General will be deprived of the power to banish anyone without the decision of the courts of justice. According to him they would establish a party and we should join it. They would also establish a daily newspaper and we would write for it. All that is asked of us, according to him, is that we do not oppose it. I replied that the purpose is beautiful; indeed, it must be realized. I say that we need to be in peace with them owing to their power. Ricardo, not satisfied with this reply, wanted me to give him a definite answer. This is what I said to him: That they publish a program in accordance with our conversation signed not by just anybody but by the friars, themselves, and that they invite the Filipinos under those promises. They can expect, I said, that all or many will be willing to be under their flag. “And you and Rizal, what would be your attitude?” “I cannot answer for him,” I replied. “It seems to me that if the program is published, we could not fight it without being defeated ourselves.” Receive an embrace from
Marcelo _____________ [01] A play on Vicente Barrantes’ name. From the Spanish verb desbarra, meaning to err in what is said or done or to go beyond the limits, etc. He was a Spaniard who held high posts in the Philippine government and in whose writings strident anti-Filipino sentiments are evident.
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191. Rizal, Brussels, 12 February 1890 || To Mariano Ponce
Rizal likes Ponce’s articles – Panday Pira – Collected articles of Ponce – Low cost of living in Brussels – A city more beautiful than Barcelona – Why don’t more Filipinos come to Brussels?
32 Rue Philippe de Champagne, Brussels 12 February 1890
My dear Naning, I was awaiting your letter written at Madrid in order to tell you where I am now living, but as you did not breathe, I thought to myself that you must still be in Barcelona. My address is at the head of this letter. I have read your articles and I liked them very much. The name of Pandapira, according to what Trinidad Pardo has suggested to me, can be Panday Pira. It would be quite useful if your articles would be gathered and published in a little book. How about my books? Have they yet arrived? I am very well here in Brussels. The cost of living here is as low as in Barcelona; the city is more beautiful. I should like to see here the Filipinos who do not know what to do either with their time or money in Madrid. Why do you not go to Madrid? Give my regards to all our friends. If Galicano is still there, tell him that it seems our grandmother, Mrs. Basilia Bauson, has died. Regards
Yours, Rizal
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192. Rizal, Brussels, 16 February 1890 || To Mariano Ponce
Rizal cannot understand an article of Mir Deas – Biographies of notable Filipinos that ought to be published – There are many snakes in the ranks of the enemy – Ponce ought to go to Madrid to help in the editing of La Solidaridad.
38 Rue Philippe de Champagne, Brussels 16 February 1890
[Mr. Mariano Ponce]
My dear Naning, I received your postal card, the Defensa del P. G., [01] and La Moralidad. I am grateful for your congratulation and for that of Mr. Aréjola [02] whom I requested you to greet on my behalf. I am thinking of having the Defensa published in La Solidaridad when articles are lacking. As to the article of Mir Deas, I will tell you frankly that after having read it twice, I have not understood it. Neither do I know what that tao [Tagalog: “man”] wants to say nor does he demonstrate anything or deduce anything – I do not understand him. The only thing that I know is that he addresses me with tú, vos, and vosotros. Neither have I any desire to answer him, nor can I, nor ought I to do so, nor do I see any reason why. I had a better idea of that man as a person and as a writer. With regard to the biographies, I believe that you ought to publish that of Mr. Francisco de San Juan who saved 111,000 pesos in the war with the British, of Francisco Baltazar, [03] Cruz Bagay, [04] Rajah Matanda, [05] and others. There is much perversity, much wickedness, in the rank of our enemies. I see that we have to reckon not with lions but with snakes. We have then to be armed with valor and put on gloves before catching them. There are many snakes! I believe that you should go to Madrid as soon as possible to help in the editing of the periodical. I see that Marcelo is not enough, for Blumentritt’s article is full of mistakes in style and they have not corrected it. Number 25 satisfies me but little, on account of the carelessness of its editing. I will continue living here in Brussels. I send my regards to all.
Yours, Rizal
P.S. I have just read the news about your uncle’s death. I send you my condolence. It seems that he was highly appreciated by his acquaintances because Mr. Roxas spoke well about him to me. One good man less! _______________ [01] Father Vicente García’s defense of Rizal’s Noli me tángere. He was a Filipino clergyman. [02] Tomás Aréjola, who became a political figure in Camarines Sur. He served in the first Philippine Assembly of 1907. [03] Esteemed Tagalog poet (1788-1862). Author of Florante at Laura, a romance in Tagalog verse considered to be a classic and read religiously by Rizal. [04] Nicolás de la Cruz Bagay, famous Filipino engraver of the eighteenth century. He engraved Fr. Murillo Velarde’s map of the Philippines with admirable artistry. [05] Ruler of Tondo, an independent city-state when the Spaniards arrived at Maynila (Manila to the Spaniards). Rizal was anxious to make known to the world the notable figures in Philippine history.
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193. Valentin Ventura, Paris, 24 February 1890
Cost of living in Brussels is compared to that of Paris which is, after all, not so cheap – Ventura offers Rizal his apartment at Paris and money if he needs any.
Paris, 24 February 1890
Dear Friend Pepe, I have two unanswered letters from you. One is dated the 13th and the other is the 22nd received yesterday. I have read them both and I am glad that you are well. I see by the budget that you sent me in your first letter that life is not as cheap there as you thought at the beginning, for, according to that note, your monthly necessary expenses amount to thirty-one pesos. With an equal amount, without paying for a house and service, you could live in Paris, a city far more important than tat and which suits you much more under any consideration. I say, “without paying for house and service,” because I hope you have not been punished for living with me, and always whenever it may occur to you to come to Paris, you must stay at my house. You will thus do me a favor for I shall be accompanied, witho9ut taxing my budge, as I am spending the same amount now as when you were here. In short, it is up to you. V. cuidado, as we say over there. You know that this house is at your complete disposal. With regard to the house, in my letter of the 5th of this month, I wrote you my new address: 4 bis Rue de Chateaudun and I hope there will be no trouble in your mail. If it is convenient and more secure, put your letters in double envelopes, one with my name and address and the other with your own. Do not worry about money for, as Monsieur says, I have never been so well off. Two days ago I gave him the first draft for 200 pesos. Tell me what you need and I will send it to you by return mail. I have thanked Monsieur Raulin on your behalf and told him to charge me for what he has paid for you. Next Saturday I shall go to see Luna and, at the same time, I will take along the copy of Morga for Don Pablo. You have not told me if you have received a letter from Hong Kong that I sent you last week. With this goes a paper that was received for you, in case it is of use to you. I have not received El Día for a long time. I hope he would make up his mind to spend a few days with you. He will divert you from your ordinary routine and remind you of happy days in Paris. On the other hand I have almost broken with my brunette. The other night I went to the theater with her and I do not know if it is by accident or because she gave him an appointment, the fact is that in the middle of the performance, someone came and wished to stay. Politely I made him understand that he was a bother until he finally he went away. As a result of this, she became serious and then with the frankness that characterizes us I told her clearly that when she was with me I did not want anyone to come to the lodge. We separated very much disgusted and for a week now we have not seen each other. These people do not want to understand that a Filipino will not play a ridiculous role. For the present I have only my blonde and I am glad because I can now devote myself to her, which she well deserves, for the poor one is very amiable. Until the next, receive a close embrace of your sincere friend, who esteems you,
V. Ventura
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194. Manuel Arias y Rodriguez, Manila, 25 February 1890
He received the bill of landing of a box of copies of Rizal’s edition of Morga – Because of strict censorship he does not know when the books will be released and whether they will be allowed to circulate – Some copies of it are already circulating secretly – If difficulties arise, he will send the books to Hong Kong and they will be sent back to him in packages – His letters to Rizal will be posted at Madrid or Barcelona to prevent their confiscation – Rizal should keep their friendly relations a secret.
Manila, 25 February 1890
Mr. José Rizal Mercado Paris
My dear Sir, With your letter dated 10 January last I found the bill of landing of a box of books consigned to me, shipped on the steamer Melbourne of Messageries. Until this date that box containing, according to you, the History of the Philippines written by Dr. Morga [01] former Lieutenant Governor General of this Archipelago, has not arrived at this port. You have not indicated the number of copies the box contains and its net weight, two facts that must be known in order to withdraw the box from the customs without inspection. I am sorry that you did not await my reply to your previous letter as in that letter of last month, I informed you of the need of sending the books by mail in registered packages or in a box shipped from Barcelona. Everything coming from abroad is inspected very minutely at the customs in examining it for appraisal, so that I cannot be responsible for the manner and date that I can withdraw the box, the severity being great at present. I do not know how I shall evade the censorship, for by no means will they permit the circulation of the book, inasmuch as already some copies are going from hand to hand and what is published under the signature of Mr. Fernando Blumentritt is being commented on very much. In case some trouble should arise I shall send the box to Hong Kong and from there I shall receive the books in packages as printed matter. Although postage is much higher than freight, it is desirable that the books be sent to me in registered, sealed packages, wrapped in special cloth paper for packing. The cost of all this will be added to the price of the book which those who want to get it will gladly pay. If you still have copies of the Noli, let me know, as well as its price, for sometimes they ask for it. My present letter as well as the following ones will be posted in Madrid or Barcelona, because if I mail them in the post office here, they run the risk of not reaching your hands. I am your sincere, affectionate, and grateful servant, who kisses your hand,
Manuel Arias y Rodríguez
P. S. It is to be desired that absolutely nobody should know of our friendly relations, for many of your countrymen residing on that continent write here what they should keep to themselves. I do not know why tongues here lengthen and relate and enlarge things in such a way that redounds to the detriment of everyone. _______________ [01] That is Rizal’s annotated edition of Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas.
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195. Marcelo H. del Pilar, Madrid, 28 February 1890
Biographical data of Filipinos who are in Europe – Rizal is asked to send his – La Solidaridad is read in the Philippines – Weyler’s dismissal? -- Antagonism between Becerra and Weyler.
43 principal left, Atocha, Madrid 28 February 1890
[Mr. José Rizal]
My favorite Friend, Antonio [01] is looking for biographical data on our countrymen who are studying here in Europe. He says that he will use them for the periodical. If possible, please send yours, and whether he uses them or not, I want to remind you that at this time your name no longer belongs to you; do not protest any longer. Our periodical has succeeded in entering the country. Those who confiscated them in the post office, according to our information, are selling them from twenty-five to fifty cents each. This shows the great desire of our compatriots to read La Solidaridad. It is true that others are getting the money, but, at any rate, we profit from their avarice. If we were to immediately kill the Solidaridad, many ideals would be bereaved. Nevertheless, I shall go with the majority. If it is necessary to kill it, I cannot prevent it. It seems that Weyler will be dismissed. [02] It seems that his successor will be General Burgos, the uncle of Padpyoh. There is a great antagonism between Becerra and Weyler. Weyler disobeys every order of Becerra and Becerra denies every petition of Weyler. ______________ [01] Antonio Luna. [02] General Eulogio Despujol, who served from 1891 to 1893, succeeded Valeriano Weyler. Note of the Curator of Manuscripts at the National Library: This letter has no ending and, therefore, unsigned, but by its content and handwriting it is Marcelo H. del Pilar’s.
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196. Guillermo Puatu, Madrid, 1 April 1890
Puatu asks Rizal to write an article for El Clamor, formerly La-Regencia – Another for El Día, organ of Romero Robledo – He prefers Rizal’s writings – “Don’t discuss the question of the representation in the Cortes.”
Madrid, 1st April 1890
Mr. José Rizal Brussels
My dear Friend Rizal: Today your subscription to El Día expires and so your aid and collaboration with us. I have been in charge of sending you the paper lately because of the absence from Madrid of Mr. Modesto Reyes who had gone to Rome and Jerusalem with Father Chanco to spend the Holy Week in those cities. What a pity, to my way of thinking, that you have not published any article in the journal. I received your last letter from that beautiful city of Brussels (as you told me) which I have not answered on time. I do not know if it is on account of the innate laziness attributed to us, [01] or to the indolent atmosphere that I breathe in this country, so peculiar and characteristic of it, or both. But in this case (as you see) it is the same. The will may overcome the unfavorable circumstances that surround a person suffering from this malady of our county. What else can be expected but inaction from the sinful indolence of bodies abandoned to their own weight and drifting towards the center of the earth? Believing then that the answer is extemporaneous, in spite of these reasons, I write this letter to request that you, as a good Tagalog and a good patriot, as a friend, and as a favor, for a little article about our country for El Clamor (formerly La Regencia). Please bear in mind in your writing that this periodical has always judged the Philippine questions with a conservative eye, or better said, with both eyes (characteristic of a good Castila) so that, if the article tends to favor liberal reforms, try to make it appear conservative, or better, do not attack the ideas of this party. It is better to address the higher authorities. You can pretend to have a letter from them, as your friend Leporel [02] generally does in La Corespondencia Militar. Well, do what seems to you best. It is a pity to let go of these opportunities. I have not yet told you my reason for what I am asking you. It is nothing more, I believe, than the favorable intervention in our Philippine affairs of the goddess of destiny. A Castila friend of mine from whom I considered it useless to ask favors, even if he has always offered his services to me, is a member of the staff and an owner; that is to say, he is one of the proprietors and writers of the journal. Taking advantage of this, I begged him to change the paper’s adverse attitude toward the Philippines, which had been its policy since the beginning, and he has asked me for an article. That is my reason. Although there are Filipinos here – some are very busy (according to themselves) and others, whom I do not want to approach – I prefer your writings, especially for this kind of publication in which one must follow somewhat the old molds. I will ask you for another article for El Día, I am sending you El Clamor so that you can see that they are the same. I stopped sending you the Philippine articles of your friend Edilberto de Leporel (Lete or Hermana, Santiago?) as I have leaned that our friend Aristón was doing the same thing. I send my cordial congratulations on your Morga. I regret that I cannot send you Lete’s because at this hour of writing (4:00 o’clock in the afternoon), he is still playing his customary tribute to Morpheus [03] of whom he is an ardent worshipper; but I dare say that he holds the same opinion as I do. I should like to spend a summer with you anywhere except her in Spain.
An embrace, Puato _______________ [01] Attributed by the Spaniards. [02] Edilberto de Leporel, nom de plume of Eduardo de Lete. [03] In Greek mythology, Morpheus was the God of dreams. Lete is asleep at this late hour.
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197. Rizal, Brussels, 4 April 1890 || To Marcelo H. del Pilar
Rizal would like del Pilar to sign his articles with his true name to prepare him to take his place – When Philippine representation is secured, Rizal will retire to devote himself to teaching – Our brains are our only redemption – Indifference of Filipinos – Who is Hector Hartfield? – We or they.
38 Rue Phil. de Champagne Brussels, 4 April 1890
[Mr. Marcelo H. del Pilar]
My favorite Comrade: I will return to you immediately the proofs [01] you have sent me. I have changed all that you have marked red. From now on I leave to your decision to change whatever will likely offend much, provided my ideas are not altered or the unity of the article destroyed. It would please me if you would always sign your name because I want to withdraw little by little. I should like you, rather than somebody else, to succeed me. For this reason, I wish you would always sign the articles and I will withdraw gradually. If we succeed to have a representative (in the Cortes [Spanish Parliament]), I am going home and I will devote myself to teaching. I cannot accept the position, although two of my ancestors on my mother’s side had been representatives: Mr. José Florentino [02] and Mr. Lorenzo Alberto. [03] I am aloof from such matters. Therefore, I wish that you get ready in case we shall have representation. If we get that, then I have achieved my aspiration. What is happening? Naning and Gómez have not written. I am assiduously studying the happenings of our country. I believe that nothing can redeem us except our brains: materialiter vel idealiter sumptum (materially or ideally considered). I still have faith in this belief of mine. Representation will bind the Philippines (to Spain) for a long time. If our compatriots are of a different mind, we should decline representation, but as we are now, with the indifference of our fellow countrymen, it is good enough. At least it is better to have the feet tied than the elbows. What can we do! Who is Hector Hartfield? I join you in regretting the burning of your house. [04] Charge them for every piece of nipa (the leaves of the palm tree used in thatching), flooring, and nail. Consider it good for them to pay you with at least one convent. We are already like ants; we can no longer hope for peace: we or they! For the next issue I am going to write the article on “Justice,” about the killing in Iloilo. This is all. Greetings to all. Your friend, Rizal ______________ [01] The proofs of Rizal’s article Seamos Justos (Let Us Be Just) that appeared in La Solidaridad, 15 April 1890. [02] A cousin of Rizal’s mother. [03] An uncle of Rizal’s mother. [04] It was popularly believed that behind this case of arson were the friars who hated del Pilar for his anti-friar writings.
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198. Valentin Ventura, Paris, 16 April 1890
Good aim of Rizal – Some news – Unable to get better price for Rizal’s furniture.
Paris, 16 April 1890
Mr. José Rizal Brussels
Dear Friend: I have on hand your two last letters dated respectively 27 March and 14th instant, and I am glad to learn that you are in good health and that every day you are making progress in your target practice. The card you sent me is beautiful, showing that you have control of your pulse, for although you have not hit many times the bull’s-eye, all the holes are on one side of the card. I do not know at what distance you hit the card, because if you have done it at twenty-five paces, I will not be the one to challenge you to a pistol duel. With reference to the duel, do you know who of the Madrid suyas (Filipinos) almost challenged a Madrid aristocrat to a duel? So that you may be informed I enclose two clippings from El Imparcial that speak of the matter . . . . . (this portion was destroyed by termites and cannot be reconstructed). I congratulate you on having been jilted by your little lassie because it saves you various things: money, time, and . . . Providence. The Japanese of María, the Swiss girl, has left. If you write her, please give her my condolence, because it seems that he was very good to her. Yesterday I received a letter from Albert and he tells me that he has written you a long time ago and is surprised that he has not received a reply. Also he says that he has sent you a list of the numbers that won in the raffle. For this reason I am returning your ticket so that you can check it, for here they do not sell lists. Look at it; for the first prize has not yet been collected and it is possible that your number has won it, although I do not believe it because Providence protects you and as winning . . . . . (portion destroyed by termites) . . . . . however, check it. Although I have done everything possible, I was not able to sell your furniture for more than 550 francs and to do so I have had to give away many little things of my own and take advantage of the fact that Monsieur Raulin, Ramirez’ partner, wanted to furnish a house. In the stores they offered me for all, only from 350 to 400 francs. Therefore, you still owe me 250 francs of the 800 that you borrowed. Enclosed in your letter of yesterday, I received the order for 750 francs and, in accordance with your letter, I am returning with this 250 francs, leaving with me 500 for our account. If you need more, write, as I am well of at this moment. An embrace of your friend who esteems you.
V. Ventura
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199. Antonio Luna, Madrid, 3 May 1890
Duels between Filipinos and Spaniards – Result favorable to Filipinos – New technique in the use of the foil – What does Rizal think of Luna’s article, “The Teacher”? -- Luna asks Rizal for more complete biographical data.
Madrid 3 May 1890 6 Clavel, 2o
Dear Rizal: Excuse me for not having written you, for I have not had any free time to do so. Who gave you the news about our Peninsular battles? Truly we have had an admirable luck this time: Gómez received an apology and a letter from the Count of Asmir. They believe that Gómez is a shooter who kills flies with shots. Captain Urbina also gave García all kinds of apologies in writing after having received a thrashing. In short we cannot ask for more. The affair turned out to be the satisfaction of everyone and we have been convinced there was much idle talk but little action. But this will not go on as it is and not all will be equal. As it seems that a kind of hostility has already been declared between them and us, we must prepare for the future. Some one may get an undeserved punishment and we must not be caught unprepared. In the Carbonel and Sanz Hall are four Filipinos: Ponce, Galicano, Puatu, and I. Llorente with Zouave and Lete who, according to him, is a born shooter but who does not even know how to guard. They shoot in the military center where no one knows anything. I have had a terrible anxiety because of those past questions, as I knew the consequences to one who does not know how to handle a saber or a foil. They remember St. Bárbara when it thunders. Thus, I suffered as much ask, or more than, the interested parties. But the question was resolved in a manner most favorable to our fellow countrymen. I will start my saber lessons as soon as I can. The bout turned out to be fairly good. In the first match I made a very violent attack, for we did not tally. The second turned out well. With the first, we were about equal. I had some advantage over the second. I changed completely. I hardly moved and the blows I tried to deal were the straight blow and the thrust. The press took notice of it. Candidly and impartially, what do you think of my little article, La Maestra, etc., leaving out the doors? You have to give me more data about yourself. In the more interesting part you leave me in the dark, especially in the more salient phase about which I have vague information. I beg you and I hope you will furnish me with more data and the full name of your mother. Goodbye, chap; I gave your books to Marcelo as I have written you. He will dispose of them as he must have disposed of them already, for I gave them to him some months ago. An embrace of your constant friend,
Antonio
Regards from Galicano who is staying with me.
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200. Juan Luna, Paris, 5 May 1890
New paintings of Luna – Exhibition of the “Independents” – Arrival of Felipe Roxas and the young painter Asuncion pensioned by Agustin Medel – The Filipinos of Madrid are gamblers.
Paris, 5 May 1890
Dear Rizal: I have had to work had to finish some paintings: One for the Salon de Champ de Mars and another of little importance for Madrid (here I have presented a picture as a matter of pure obligation). All this is to you that I have not lacked the desire to answer your letter of 22 February. Concerning the Philippine biographies, I have given you only my opinion. I have not prohibited their publication in La Solidaridad for I have never pretended to have any influence on the paper’s management; and I am sorry that you have sent my letter to del Pilar because I have no familiarity and friendship with him, as I do with you, and he could interpret my letter as a presumptuous and by a meddlesome person. Here also we have an exhibition of the “Independents”. There are some pictures that are entirely mosaic with the purest colors of the rainbow. Others are worse in form and drawing than the grotesque banners in the friars; and in others which represent landscapes you can see all the details you can imagine; in short, some of the painters are crazy, others incompetent. But it is fortunate that the Salon has opened and we can console ourselves with that, although it is only average. I belong to the dissident salon and F. Hidalgo to the old and traditional one. He has exhibited a picture of Mme. Bousted. The dissident Salon has rejected many works, so that there are few good pictures. Felipe Roxas has arrived from Manila with his wife and children. He has come for a stay of eight years to educate his children and to paint a little. With him came a young Filipino named Asunción, who is going to study painting pensioned by Agustina Medel [01] . . . . . . (This portion is destroyed) Regards from the family.
Yours, Luna
P.S. The fame of the Madrid Filipinos as gamblers has reached the Philippines. The news is a real calamity to Filipino fathers. _______________ [01] Agustina Medel was a wealthy Filipino woman of Manila. She was said to be the prototype of “Doña Victorina,” an ultra-Hispanized Filipino woman character in Rizal’s novel, Noli me tángere.
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201. Valentin Ventura, Paris, 6 May 1890
More on the gambling Filipinos in Madrid – Juan Luna wants to know if his brother, Antonio, is one of them – Ventura asks Rizal to write to those Filipinos and counsel them.
Paris, 6 May 1890
Mr. José Rizal Brussels
My Friend Pepe: Enclosed is a letter for you that I received this morning. We do not understand what is happening this time to the Philippine postal service. The boat arrived Wednesday of last week at Marseille and only this morning was the mail delivered. For more than a month I have not received issues of La Solidaridad, but I am not surprised for I am not even a subscriber. Tell me to whom to send the subscription. You would do me a favor if you would write to Madrid giving my new address. Another favor. A week ago I received a letter from Juan Luna in which he asked me to please write to Madrid to find out if his brother Antonio was gambling. As I have not corresponded for a long time with any of our fellow countrymen in Madrid, I appeal to you to furnish me with the necessary information. It seems that in the Philippines it is believed that our fellow countrymen in Madrid do nothing else but gamble. As you have some influence on our youth, please write to some of them telling them to devote themselves to something more useful and to understand that what they are doing is not only prejudicial to themselves but also to our other fellow countrymen for many fathers would like to send their sons abroad if it were not for the bad name they have earned in Madrid. They say that Felipe Roxas has arrived, but I have not seen him nor do I know if it is true. It seems that he has brought his entire family. This is all. An embrace of your friend who esteems you.
V. Ventura
P.S. I received your post card of the 17th of April. I shoot frequently and I hope that when I go there about July we can shoot together.
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202. Valentin Ventura, Paris, 15 May 1890
Ventura receives from Rizal a little clay figure – He is not sure for whom it is intended. – Planning a trip to Germany with Rizal.
Paris, 15 May 1890
Mr. José Rizal Brussels
Dear Friend, Five days ago I received by parcel post a box containing a clay figure, which, by the signature, I found out to be yours. I immediately wrote you a letter, sending you a million thanks for the fine remembrance. Eh! After writing the letter, I thought that the little figure might not be for me and that you had addressed it to me to be given to another, and that writing a letter of thinks might embarrass you. I thought it prudent to wait for your letter and I destroyed the letter. Five days have elapsed, and I have received no instructions on the matter-- so much the worse for you. But I don’t wish to remain impolite and ill bread any longer so I write you now to give you a million thanks. Tell me frankly if the model you used lives in Brussels, because truly, if she lives there, it will be worthwhile to make a trip to that city to admire her and make her acquaintance. If the little figure is for another person, tell me frankly, because, between us, there need not be any compliments, complementos, as someone said. Have you received my letter with another for you inside which I received from the Philippines? What about a trip? In accordance with my previous plan I shall leave Paris on 14 July, spend fifteen days there with you and, afterwards, we can proceed to Germany. I received the packet of La Solidaridad that you sent me. Tell me to whom I should send the subscription price. An embrace of your friend who esteems you.
V. Ventura
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203. Valentin Ventura, Paris, 19 May 1890
Ventura is worried about Rizal’s silence – Has received no reply to his letters – Forwarding a letter and newspapers from Hong Kong.
Paris, 19 May 1890
Dear Friend Rizal: I have not received a letter from you for a century. What is happening to you? Are you sick? Let me know. I have sent you two registered letters, one with the bill of landing of your books for Iloilo and another with one hundred francs enclosed. Have you received them? Also, a registered letter for you, whose sender I do not know was received here. The servant has given your address to the postman; I suppose you received it. Next Saturday I will move to a new house, 4 bis rue de Chateaudum. If you write me after that date you may send your letters to the new address. I am mailing at the same time as this, a letter with Hong Kong stamps and two newspapers. I will not write more because I am in the midst of moving.
Yours, V. Ventura
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204. Rizal, Saturday, [1890 ?] || To Mariano Ponce
Some subscriptions to La Solidaridad – What is happening to Ponce is no cause for worry to an Indio.
Saturday (no date)
[Mr. Mariano Ponce]
Dear Naning: I am sending you the enclosed 166.50 pesetas that are the subscriptions we have collected here. I have not been able to send them to you sooner for lack of money, for I am not very rich. The subscriptions are the following:
I am sorry for what has happened to you, but it seems to me it is nothing that an Indio should worry about. Keep you composure and peace. Rarely can one get into a fight and come out of it unhurt. [01] Go to Madrid as soon as possible. Tell Luna when you write him that you were unable to send the subscription sooner for lack of money. Send me some Barrantes and the Taatro tagalong, and all the Visiones that remain there. Regards to all.
Yours, Rizal _______________ [01] Rizal may refer to the search of Ponce’s house by the Barcelona police following the denunciation of Mir Deas.
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205. Juan Luna, Paris, 20 May 1890
Publications which do not reach La Unión – Favors a contest of “Chinese” sharpshooters in Madrid – Luna’s brother in La Unión is anti-friar and a reformer.
Parish, 26 May 1890
Mr. José Rizal
According to a letter that I have just received from La Unión, my brother, who resides in that province, has not received Blumentritt’s pamphlet, Consideracionas del Estado de Filipinas and issues of La Solidaridad that I have sent him by registered mail. The pamphlets were with other prospectuses that the administrator of the post office in Agoo [01] said had been bundled together in the Manila post office, showing that in Manila they take care of the cleaning of registered mail. My brother wishes to subscribe to La Solidaridad. Tell me if he will receive it in Agoo, because through me, it is impossible. I have tried to send it to him three times and here received none of them. In his letter he tells me that the province suffers from so many reforms, not because they are bad but because people who opposed to our progress poorly implement them. The results are exorbitant taxes and still more exorbitant fines. That there are very many abuses . . . . . . Rumors are circulating in Manila that the Governor of Barcelona has circulated several packages and pamphlets of . . . . . . . Painter Luna . . . . (destroyed portion). Boy, what people, what a rabble! Tell me what you know about the Filipino duels in Madrid. It seems that they are behaving with dignity. A contest of “Chinese” (Filipino) marksmen in Madrid in the course of the year would not be bad, for example, so that we would be respected and the kastilas de entremés (farcical Spaniards) would know us better. Regards from Paz, kisses of Luling and Bibi, and an embrace from your affectionate
Juan Luna
P.S.: My brother is on friendly terms with the friars and other persons of his province, and he can be useful to us, for he is on our side and anti-friar. _______________ [01] Agoo is a town in La Unión Province.
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206. Rizal, Brussels, 26 May 1890 to Mariano Ponce
Tagalog books written in the new orthography – Case vs. Ponce dropped by the Barcelona judge – The Agencia Editorial at Manila orders copies of the Noli.
38 Rue Phil. De Champagne Brussels, 26 May 1890
[Mr. Mariano Ponce]
My favorite Friend: I received the books you sent me and I have noted they are written according to the new orthography. It seems that we have already resolved this question. Anyone can say that now we have our own orthography. The translation of Arancel into Tagalog is good; that translation should be praised and imitated. I thank you also for the issues of La Publicidad [01] that you sent me. I do not believe that it is wise to reply, because La Publicidad is our friend; what I say is transeat (let it pass). I am glad that the judge has decided to drop your case. If you have nothing more to do in Barcelona, please go now to Madrid, for they need you there in the staff of La Solidaridad. Your absence is noticeable. Give my regards to friends and acquaintances.
Your friend, Rizal
P.S. Mr. Manuel Arias y Rodríguez of La Agencia Editorial [02] requests copies of the Noli from me. You might send them to his agent in Barcelona, but request him to wrap them well and take good care of them. You may give him as many copies as he wants. This is all, and thanks. _____________ [01] Miguel Morayta’s periodical was published in Barcelona.
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207. Rizal, Brussels, 28 May 1890 || To Marcelo H. del Pilar
Rizal writes del Pilar, “I’m not sending you articles so that our other fellow countrymen might write and be known.” – Ramiro Franco is one of the few who have dared to publicly express his ideas about the Noli – A vigorous novel by Franco – The Filipino does not come to Europe to gamble because there is already much gambling in the Philippines.
Brussels, 28 May 1890 38 Rue Philippe de Champagne
[Mr. Marcelo H. del Pilar]
My favorite Friend: I have purposely refrained from sending you an article for La Solidaridad so that the readers can rest and our other fellow countrymen who should be known by all who can write. We have many hidden pearls or uncut diamonds that only need to step out into the light to be seen by everyone. It is for this reason that I wish to stay in the shade so that others might emerge into the light. Give my sincerest thanks to Mr. Ramiro Franco (Dominador Gómez) for the kind words he dedicates to me in his Pónganle título. He is one of our few of our compatriots, who, like you and Ponce, have dared to come out openly to express their ideas on Noli me tángere: “I look forward eagerly to read the continuation of your novel.” If you would allow me to make a friendly remark, which I pray you not to take ill, I should say that in your writings the aristocratic-sportsmanlike note is very noticeable, as when you describe the details of the carriage and house or the scenes, and reproduce the dialogues of your personages. I do not wish to say that this is a defect, no; it is even a virtue if the one writing it were not a Filipino. But in our present condition, when we are writing to enlighten the poor masses of our country and lift up their sprits, to speak of gilt, the reflection of the mirrors and the groom and luxurious carriages in preferences to our social and political status is like telling one suffering from eye trouble of paintings, sculpture, and spectacles, and panoramas. Undoubtedly the continuation will be worthy of the beginning, for the novel begins with much vigor and promises to be a critical study of the life of the Filipinos in Europe. It would be desirable that these articles be reprinted in the form of booklets and sold in the Philippines. Our fellow countrymen in Paris are complaining because they are not receiving copies of La Solidaridad. Whenever I receive copies I send them there. Send the paper to Mme. Boustead, 3 Rue des Bassins. When Calvo Muñoz [01] introduces his bill, send me copies of the newspaper that reports the sessions of the Cortes (Spanish Congress). Luna, in Paris, complains about the gambling of the Filipinos in Madrid; so does Ventura. They say that, according to news from the Philippines, parents are very dissatisfied. It seems that it is Mr. Felipe Roxas who has informed them of the gambling. I fear that we are playing into the hands of the friars. Is there nothing there that can remind them that a Filipino comes to Europe, not to gamble, for thee is already too much gambling at home. If we who are called upon to do something, we, in whom our people place their modest hopes, spend our time in these things, precisely when youthful years should be utilized in something noble and lofty – for youth is noble and generous – I fear that we are not struggling for a vain illusion and instead of being worthy of liberty, we would only be worthy of slavery. I appeal to the patriotism of all the Filipinos to prove to the Spanish people that we are superior to our misfortune and that we cannot be brutalized nor can our noble sentiments be corrupted.
Yours truly, Rizal ______________ [01] Francisco Calvo Muñoz was a Spaniard who filled a high post in the Department of Finance in the Philippines. Upon his return to Spain he was elected a deputy in the Cortes. This liberal minded individual introduced a bill providing for Philippine representation in the Cortes.
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208. Mariano Ponce, Barcelona, 2 June 1890
We now have a rule on which to base Tagalog orthography – Copies of the Noli are sent to the Agencia Editorial of Aries – More copies of Morga – Ponce’s son wants a picture of Rizal – Ramón Riego de Dios, a progressive compatriot, wishes to be counted among Rizal’s friends.
Barcelona, 2 June 1890 R. Canaletas 2-39
Mr. José Rizal Brussels
My favorite Friend, I have received your letter of the 26th of last month. In the Tagalog orthography of Arancel some errors have escaped us because we were not yet well versed in it. We have now a rule to guide us in our writing. It will not cost us much to get accustomed to it. Little by little we can popularize it in our country. I expect that within this month I can go to Madrid. First, I will send books that I have to Hong Kong little by little. I have spoken to Arias’ agent here. Through the mail that left from her on the 30th of last month I could not send more than a dozen copies of the Noli. Let me see if I can send more by the next mail. Please send me three or four copies of Morga. Send me your picture as well. My son has written me several times requesting your photograph. One of my house companions is Ramón Riego de Dios. He is a Tagalog, a native of Maragongdong, sends you his respectful greetings and wishes to be counted among your friends. He is a student of medicine and a painter, winning a medal in Amsterdam and of a diploma of honorable mention in Madrid. He is a good compatriot and he loves our country greatly. Your friend, Naning
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209. Rizal, Brussels, 4 June 1890 || To Mariano Ponce
Rizal writes Ponce in Tagalog – Returning Ramón Riego de Dios’ greetings – Rizal is very friendly towards those who know how to love their native country – He esteems those of Kawit or Maragongdong – “May the flowers from the Philippines not wither in Spain” – May Riego de Dios excel Rizal – “Great is my hope that the rising generation will surpass that of the past and of the future.”
Brussels, 4 June 1890 38 Rue Phil. de Champagne
Mr. Mariano Ponce Barcelona, España
My favorite Friend: So that this letter will overtake you I am answering immediately your letter, which I have just received today, and also I am sending you two copies of Morga by parcel post. I enclose my photograph taken in Paris when I was printing Morga. I consider your article that was published in La Solidaridad very good. It shows that you think and observe well and it is a pity that you do not write a longer book. Please return the greetings of our compatriot Ramón Riego de Dios. Tell him that I am a friend of all our compatriots, whether they are sympathizers or enemies, and still more of our fellow countrymen who know how to love their land. Besides this, I greatly esteem the people of Kawit where I have many friends as I do in Maragongdong as well. May the flowers from the Philippines not wither in Spain. There are many promising young men who, when they get to Madrid, are led astray and are spoiled. I hope that our friend Riego will greatly surpass Rizal who formerly was also a student of medicine and a painter, although he never won a medal in Amsterdam and Madrid. Great is my hope that the rising generation will surpass that of the past and of the future. I have learned that Roxas’ son died. [01] How and of what did he die? May you finally take that trip to Madrid. Awaken there the goodwill of the chaps. Those of Paris have many complaints against our compatriots in Madrid who are devoting their time to gambling. They say that they know it now in Manila and that the heads of the families are disgusted. This is all. Regards to all. Rizal __________ [01] José Roxas, the son of a wealthy Filipino, Pedro Roxas, died of measles. NOTE: The original letter is written partly in Tagalog and partly in Spanish.
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210. Marcelo H. del Pilar, Madrid, 8 June 1890
Del Pilar wants Rizal to continue writing for La Solidaridad – Rizal’s collaboration is very much appreciated – Filipinos now abstain from gambling on account of Rizal’s advice – Villava Hervás will speak to the Republican [01] and Conservatives [02] to favor La Solidaridad’s bill – They are waiting for Rizal’s reply concerning the case of his exiled brother-in-law.
Madrid, 8 June 1890
[Mr. José Rizal]
My favorite Friend: I have received your letter of 28 May and your statement in it that you have purposely refrained from sending us any article and that you will stop helping La Solidaridad is worrying me. If I have failed you in something – a thing that I would not do intentionally – please explain it to me so that I could repent. Meanwhile, believe me that amid the mounting misfortunes that embitter my life, I cannot accept your desertion. Enclosed is Dominador’s letter to me. Our youth listened to your advice on gambling. It seems that your advice has borne good fruits. Tell those in Paris to write here if they lack copies of the paper, for we never fail to send some there. If not for your letter, I would be thinking all along that they were receiving it. As Calvo Muños has not returned yet since he went to Alhambra, [03] the bill has not been introduced until now. The substance of the bill is published in La Solidaridad, though the number of deputies is only sixteen and the tax is thirty pesos. Villalva Hervás (Republican deputy [01]) promises to get the support not only of his own party but also of the conservatives. [02] He is depending on Silvela. Kunanan will take care of Gamazo. Juan Luna has arrived here; when are you coming? We are awaiting you. I asked Kunanan about Maneng’s case [04] and he said that he has written you and is awaiting your reply.
M. H. del Pilar ______________ [01] Republicans: Those who promote a Republic over a Monarchy. [02] Conservatives: Those who wish to keep the Monarchy and the traditions and governmental positions of the past. [03] The citadel of the Moorish kings near Granada, Spain, built during the 13th and 14th centuries. [04] Manuel T. Hidalgo, a brother-in-law of Rizal, who had been deported without trial.
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211. Rizal, Brussels, 11 June 1890 || To Marcelo H. del Pilar
Rizal is not seceding; he wishes only to rest and let other pens shine – Gloomy presentments and sad dreams – Earnestly wishes to finish the 2nd volume of the Noli and be ready for any eventuality – Will send articles – The duty of Filipino youth is to redeem the native land.
Brussels, 11 June 1890
[Mr. Marcelo H. del Pilar]
My favorite Friend: I have just received your letter that I am answering at once out of regard for your feelings. Your supposition that I am leaving La Solidaridad because of some personal resentment is far from the truth. It does seem that you do not know me yet. I am not sensitive and even if I had any resentment, I would tell you the truth and I would not stop helping and fighting for our cause. What I like is for others to rise and other names to become familiar to the readers. I am assailed by gloomy presentiments, though I do not entirely believe them. In my childhood, it was my firm belief that I would not reach thirty and I do not know why I felt like that. Almost every night for two months now I dream of nothing else but of dead friends and relatives. One time I dreamed that I was going down a trail that led to the bottom of the earth and there I found myself with a multitude of persons who were seated, dressed in white, with white faces, silent, and surrounded with white lights. There I saw two of my brothers, one already dead and the other still living. Though I do not believe in these things, though my body is very strong, and I have no ailment whatsoever, nevertheless, I am preparing myself for death, I put in order what I am going to leave behind, and I get ready for any eventuality. Laong Laan is my true name. For this reason, I like to finish the second novel of the Noli at any cost and if it is possible, I do not like to leave unfinished what I have begun without anyone who could continue it. That is why I like new writers to be known and to shine. Do not think that I feel sad or I am grieving. Every other day I do gymnastic exercises and practice fencing and shooting; but who can foresee the mishaps that may befall us? Now and then I will also send you articles of some significance. May our compatriots there obey the voice of their heart and devote the precious time of their youth to something great, which is worthy of them. We do not have the good luck of other young men who can dispose of their time and their future. We have upon us a duty: to redeem our mother from her captivity; our mother is pawned; we must redeem her before we amuse ourselves. This is all.
Rizal
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212. Mariano Ponce, Barcelona, 24 June 1890
Our unlucky star in Barcelona – José Roxas, a promising compatriot, died of measles, an untimely death – Jaena, abandoned by the one who promised to support him – He persists in going to Cuba – Panganiban in disgrace for an indiscretion.
R. Canaletas 2-3o Barcelona, 24 June 1890
Mr. José Rizal Brussels
My dear Friend: I received your letter on time so please forgive me for not having answered you at once. I send you many thanks for your photograph and for the three copies of Morga that I have also received. I have not gone to Madrid because Marcelo said that he was planning to come here. I wrote him that I would wait so that we could go together on his return to Madrid. On 19 May José Roxas died of measles here at the Fonda de Oriente where you stayed when you came here. When Roxas left for Madrid, he left his small son in a school here. At the beginning of May he got the measles in the school. When the parents wee informed of this by Roces, the mother and Pepe immediately came. They transferred the patient to the Fonda and he soon recovered. While the little one was convalescing, Pepe contracted the same sickness and after five days in bed, he died. The parents did not allow us, their compatriots, to attend the funeral for fear of being associated with us. Don Pedro visited me several times when he first came. Now he is in Madrid. How unlucky we are. A promising brother of ours is in bad luck. A cousin of Graciano who came here last year, through our earnest pleas, agreed to pension him to enable him to finish his studies. Upon his return to the Philippines, he wrote hacking out of his promise. Graciano is now insisting on going to Cuba under any condition. A contribution has been started to help defray his traveling expenses. Pepe Panganiban is in hot water for meddling with a married woman. The husband caught them. Pepe committed a very serious error of giving the woman papers pertaining to his studies and of writing her an indiscreet letter. He had been hiding for a long time in Canon’s house, but one Saturday night, the husband, accompanied by a friend met him at the Plaza de Cataluña. The two beat him and though he was able to knock down one of them, he got a blow on the head that bled. Now the wound has healed. The affair did not reach the courts. What we want is to recover the papers and separate the lovers. We are keeping this affair a secret. If I am telling you about it, it is just to let you know about our bad luck. We are waiting for J. Luna. Send me six copies of Morga because there are many compatriots who are ordering. Address them to Santiago Ycasiano – Xuelá 25, 3o – 2a for they might not overtake me. Regards from Riego and everyone.
Yours, Naning
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RIZAL'S LIFE |
RIZAL'S WRITINGS |
KIDS REFLECTIONS |
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